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Hayagriva Upanishad or Hayagrivopanishad (Sanskrit: हयग्रीव उपनिषत्) is one of 108 Upanishadic Hindu scriptures, written in Sanskrit language. It is dedicated to Hayagriva, the horse-faced form of the god Vishnu. It belongs to the Vaishnava sect, which worships Vishnu, and is associated with the ''Atharvaveda''. The ''Hayagriva Upanishad'' primarily deals about the mantras (incantations) that should be used to worship Hayagriva who is most learned in the form of Chitta (mind) personifies the Vedas. Vedanta Desika, the Sri Vaishnava saint and guru, is said to have been taught the Hayagriva mantras from this Upanishad by Garuda at Thiruvanthipuram. ==Content== The ''Hayagriva Upanishad'' has 20 verses and is divided into two chapters. It is narrated as a sermon by the god Brahma to his son Sage Narada. The text opens with an invocation to the god Vishnu, who is exalted as a Supreme Being, ruler and god of the Universe. He is requested to shower auspiciousness on the devotee. Indra, Garuda, the Sun, and Brihaspati are also invoked for welfare of all. Narada asks his divine father Brahma to grant him the knowledge of ''Brahman'', which absolves one of all sins and grants spiritual and material wealth. Brahma declares that one who "masters" the mantras of Hayagriva becomes an expert in the scriptures Shrutis ("heard knowledge"), Smritis (memorized knowledge), Itihasas (Hindu epics, literally "history"), and Puranas and is bestowed with wealth. Brahma then starts narrating the various mantras that are used in Hayagriva's worship.〔〔〔 The first mantra salutes Hayagriva as Vishnu, the ruler of knowledge. He is praised beyond the material universe and as a saviour. The second mantra identifies Hayagriva as the manifestation of the three Vedas — Rigveda, Yajurveda and Samaveda — and Om. He is credited to have brought the Vedas to earth and is described as horse-headed. The third mantra implores Hayagriva (the personification of the Vedas) to enlighten the reciter of the mantra and says that the god's glories are sung by Om and the Vedas. The sage-authors of these mantras are named as Brahma, Atri, Ravi, Savita, and Bhargava. The poetic meter of the three hymns are mentioned as gayatri, trishtubh, and anushtubh; the presiding deity of the mantras is Hayagriva. The ''bija'' (seed-mantra) is ''Hlaum'', the ''shakti'' (power) is Soham, the ''kilaka'' (nail) is Hlum, the ''viniyoga'' are bhoga (enjoyment) and moksha (salvation). Finally, the ''anga-nyasa'' are the letters a, u and m. This is followed by a ''dhyana''- mantra that tells about the iconography of the god and is used by a devotee to visualize him while meditating. Hayagriva is described to be radiant like the moon and holds a shankha (conch), chakra (discus) and a book in his three hands, while the fourth makes the ''maha-mudra'' hand gesture. The 29-syllabled mantra (''Om srim hlaum om namo bhagavate hayagrivaya vishnave mahyam medham prajnam prayaccha svaha'') and 28-syllable mantra (''Om srim hrim aim aim aim klim klim sauh sauh hrim om namo bhagavate hayagrivaya mahyam medham prajnam prayaccha svaha'') are then told, ending the first chapter.〔〔〔 The second chapter begins with Brahma telling about the one-syllable mantra (''bija'') of Hayagriva: ''Hlaum'', Brahma told to the god Shiva. Further, ''Hlaum'' is said to be transmitted through successive teachers: Brahma, Shiva, Sankarshana, Narada, Vyasa. Vyasa taught it to the world. ''Hlaum'' is described as the "king of mantras" – which is recited by Surya and other gods – and the manifestation of Hayagriva himself. One who recites the mantra is said to attain supreme knowledge and emancipation as well as attain rulership of dikpalas (guardian deities of directions), monarchs and nagas (serpents).〔〔〔 Another mantra ''Amritam kuru kuru svaha'' ("Please make me immortal") is said to grant its reciter control over words, wealth and the eight siddhis (supernatural powers). Another mantra ''Hlaum sakala-samrajyena siddhim kuru kuru svaha'' is told, followed by advantages of knowing these mantras. One who chants them is said to be cleansed of all sin and become ritually pure. In life, he will control his body and after death, attain salvation. He realizes the true spiritual meanings of the Vedic maxims (Mahavakya) — ''prajnanam Brahma'' (Brahman is wisdom), ''tat tvam asi'' (You are it)", ''ayam atma brahma'' (My soul is Brahman), ''Aham Brahmasmi'' (I am Brahman). Four supplementary Vedic mantras are then recited, which are "''Yad Vak Vadanthi ...''", "''Gowrimimaya...''", "''Oshtapidhana ...''" and "''Sa Sarpareeramathim ...''".〔〔〔 In tradition of Upanishads, the ''Hayagriva Upanishad'' ends by mentioning the merits of the text. The canon declares that one who recites the ''Hayagriva Upanishad'' on ekadashi (11th lunar day, which is sacred to Vishnu) would be blessed with Hayagriva's grace and become a great person as well as attain salvation. The text ends with a prayer that this knowledge of the ''Brahman'' may remain with the devotee and may he never forget God and these mantras.〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hayagriva Upanishad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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